Radiation Calculator
Convert between different radiation measurement units. Calculate exposure rates, absorbed doses, and analyze radiation safety parameters.
About Radiation Calculator
Understanding Radiation Measurements
Radiation measurement involves several distinct quantities, each serving a specific purpose in radiation protection and monitoring. The system of units has evolved from early discoveries in radiation science to the modern International System of Units (SI), though some older units remain in common use, particularly in the United States. Understanding these measurements is crucial for radiation safety, medical applications, and scientific research.
Types of Radiation Measurements
Absorbed Dose
- Energy absorbed per mass
- Measured in Gray (Gy)
- 1 Gy = 1 joule/kilogram
- Traditional unit: rad
- 1 Gy = 100 rad
Dose Equivalent
- Biological effect considered
- Measured in Sievert (Sv)
- Includes radiation weighting factor
- Traditional unit: rem
- 1 Sv = 100 rem
Safety Thresholds and Limits
| Exposure Type | Annual Limit | Effects |
|---|---|---|
| Public Exposure | 1 mSv | Minimal risk |
| Occupational | 20 mSv | Monitored exposure |
| Emergency Response | 100 mSv | Short-term limit |
| Acute Exposure | 1 Sv | Radiation sickness |
Radiation Protection Principles
Time, Distance, Shielding
- Minimize exposure time
- Maximize distance from source
- Use appropriate shielding
- Follow ALARA principle
- Regular monitoring
Monitoring Methods
- Personal dosimeters
- Area monitors
- Contamination surveys
- Bioassay programs
- Environmental sampling
Applications and Industries
Medical Applications
- Diagnostic imaging
- Radiation therapy
- Nuclear medicine
- Research facilities
- Medical equipment sterilization
Industrial Uses
- Non-destructive testing
- Food irradiation
- Material analysis
- Nuclear power generation
- Industrial radiography
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