Slope Calculator
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About Slope Calculator
Understanding Slope
Slope is a measurement of the steepness or grade of a line, surface, or terrain. It can be calculated and expressed in several ways: as an angle (in degrees), a percentage, or a ratio. Each representation has specific uses in different applications.
Calculation Methods:
- Two Points Method (using coordinates)
- Angle and Run (using angle and horizontal distance)
- Angle and Rise (using angle and vertical distance)
- Rise and Run (using vertical and horizontal distances)
Common Applications
Construction
- • ADA Ramps (max 8.33%)
- • Driveways (typ. 15%)
- • Roof Pitch (e.g., 4:12)
- • Drainage (min 2%)
Transportation
- • Highway Design (max 7%)
- • Railway Grades
- • Access Roads
- • Bike Paths
Important Considerations
Safety Factors
- • Maximum safe gradients
- • Surface material properties
- • Weather conditions
- • Erosion potential
- • Load-bearing capacity
Design Limitations
- • Accessibility requirements
- • Vehicle capabilities
- • Maintenance access
- • Cost considerations
- • Environmental impact
Standard Slope Requirements
Common Slope Standards
| Application | Maximum Slope | Notes |
|---|---|---|
| Wheelchair Ramps | 1:12 (8.33%) | ADA requirement |
| Residential Driveways | 15-20% | Varies by location |
| Highway Design | 6-8% | Standard conditions |
| Drainage Pipes | 1-2% | Minimum for flow |
Terrain Classifications
Standard Classifications:
- • Flat Terrain: 0-3% slope
- • Rolling Terrain: 3-7% slope
- • Mountainous Terrain: 7-12% slope
- • Steep Terrain: >12% slope
Frequently Asked Questions
How do I choose the right calculation method?
Choose based on your available measurements: use Two Points for known coordinates, Angle and Run/Rise when you have an angle measurement, or Rise and Run when you have direct measurements of vertical and horizontal distances.
What slope is too steep for different applications?
Maximum slopes vary by application: ADA ramps must not exceed 8.33%, residential driveways typically max at 15-20%, highways usually max at 7%, and drainage pipes need at least 1-2% slope for proper flow.
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