Contrast Ratio Calculator

Evaluate color contrast ratios for WCAG accessibility compliance. Test text and background color combinations to ensure your content meets web accessibility standards.

Color 1 (Background)

Color 2 (Text)

About Contrast Ratio Calculator

Understanding Color Contrast

Color contrast is a fundamental principle in digital accessibility and design, measuring the difference in luminance or light intensity between two colors. This measurement is crucial for ensuring text readability and meeting web accessibility standards, particularly for users with visual impairments.

The Science Behind Contrast Ratio

The contrast ratio is calculated using the relative luminance of colors, which considers the human eye's varying sensitivity to different colors. The formula follows the WCAG specifications:

Contrast Ratio = (L1 + 0.05) / (L2 + 0.05)
Where L1 is the lighter color's luminance and L2 is the darker color's luminance

Relative Luminance Calculation

Step 1: Convert RGB values to sRGB format
- Each RGB channel is divided by 255 to normalize values between 0 and 1
- Values ≤ 0.03928 are divided by 12.92
- Values > 0.03928 use the formula: ((value + 0.055) / 1.055)^2.4
Step 2: Calculate weighted luminance
- Red channel contribution: 0.2126
- Green channel contribution: 0.7152
- Blue channel contribution: 0.0722

WCAG Compliance Levels

Level AAA (Enhanced)
- Contrast ratio ≥ 7:1 for normal text
- Highest level of accessibility
- Recommended for situations requiring maximum readability
Level AA (Standard)
- Contrast ratio ≥ 4.5:1 for normal text
- Minimum requirement for most web content
- Ensures readability for most users
Level AA Large Text
- Contrast ratio ≥ 3:1 for large text (18pt or 14pt bold)
- Applies to headlines and larger UI elements
- Considers increased visibility of larger text sizes

Practical Applications

Web Design
- Ensuring readability of text content across different backgrounds
- Creating accessible user interfaces
- Designing effective call-to-action buttons
- Maintaining brand colors while meeting accessibility standards
Mobile Applications
- Optimizing readability in various lighting conditions
- Designing for different screen types and qualities
- Creating consistent visual hierarchies
Print Design
- Ensuring legibility in printed materials
- Maintaining readability in different printing conditions
- Adapting designs for various paper types and finishes

Best Practices

Always test contrast ratios during the design phase
Consider different viewing conditions and device screens
Test with actual users, especially those with visual impairments
Maintain consistent contrast across your entire design system
Document color combinations that meet accessibility standards
Regular audit of existing content for contrast compliance

Frequently Asked Questions

What is a good contrast ratio for text?

According to WCAG guidelines, the minimum contrast ratio for text should be 4.5:1 for standard text (Level AA) and 7:1 for enhanced contrast (Level AAA). For large text (18pt or 14pt bold), a lower ratio of 3:1 is acceptable. Higher contrast ratios ensure better readability for all users, particularly those with visual impairments.

How is contrast ratio calculated?

Contrast ratio is calculated using relative luminance values of the two colors. The formula is (L1 + 0.05) / (L2 + 0.05), where L1 is the lighter color's luminance and L2 is the darker color's luminance. Luminance is calculated from RGB values using specific coefficients: R (0.2126), G (0.7152), and B (0.0722), after converting from sRGB color space.

Why do my brand colors fail accessibility tests?

Brand colors often prioritize aesthetic appeal over accessibility. Common issues include using low-contrast color combinations, light-on-light or dark-on-dark pairings, and colors that look distinct but have similar luminance values. To maintain brand identity while meeting accessibility standards, consider using your brand colors for larger elements and accents, while ensuring text uses high-contrast combinations.

Learn More

WCAG Contrast Guidelines Enhanced Contrast (Level AAA)Color Contrast Techniques

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