Speaker Crossover Calculator

Design audio crossover networks and filters. Calculate component values, determine cutoff frequencies, and optimize speaker systems.

About Speaker Crossover Calculator

Understanding Speaker Crossovers

A speaker crossover is an electronic circuit that divides an audio signal into separate frequency ranges to be routed to the appropriate speaker drivers. This calculator helps design passive crossover networks for multi-way speaker systems.

Core Concepts

Speaker crossovers are essential in multi-driver speaker systems because different drivers (tweeters, midrange, and woofers) are optimized for different frequency ranges. A well-designed crossover ensures:

Smooth frequency response across the entire audio spectrum
Protection of drivers from frequencies outside their optimal range
Proper phase alignment between drivers
Minimal distortion and optimal power handling

Filter Types Explained

Butterworth Filters

Maximally flat frequency response in the passband. Most commonly used for their neutral sound and predictable behavior.

Linkwitz-Riley Filters

Provides -6dB at the crossover point when high-pass and low-pass outputs are summed. Excellent phase behavior and popular in professional audio.

Bessel Filters

Optimized for best phase response and minimal ringing. Often preferred for their natural sound quality despite less steep cutoff.

Filter Orders

The order of a crossover filter determines its slope and characteristics:

2nd Order (12 dB/octave): Good compromise between complexity and performance
3rd Order (18 dB/octave): Better driver protection, more complex phase behavior
4th Order (24 dB/octave): Excellent driver protection, steep cutoff, complex implementation

Component Selection

When implementing a crossover design:

Use high-quality components rated for audio applications
Consider power handling capabilities
Account for component tolerances
Use air-core inductors for midrange and tweeter circuits
Consider DCR (DC Resistance) of inductors

Common Crossover Points

Transition	Frequency Range	Notes
Subwoofer to Woofer	80-120 Hz	Best for room acoustics
Woofer to Midrange	250-500 Hz	Reduces intermodulation
Midrange to Tweeter	2,500-3,500 Hz	Optimal dispersion

Implementation Tips

For best results when building crossovers:

Keep wiring short and direct
Use heavy gauge wire for low frequencies
Mount components securely to prevent vibration
Consider thermal implications of component placement
Test the system thoroughly before final assembly

Learn More

Linkwitz Lab Filters